The development history of the cylinder
The principle of the cylinder originated from the cannon:
The cylinder originated from the cannon? This is not sensational. The cylinders on your vehicle do have something to do with the cannon.
In 1680, Dutch scientist Hoynes was inspired by the principle of cannons and thought, wouldn't it be great to use the powerful power of cannonballs to propel other machines? At first, he still used gunpowder as the burning explosive, changed the cannonball into a "piston", used the barrel as a "cylinder", and opened a one-way valve. He injected gunpowder into the cylinder. When the gunpowder was ignited, it exploded and burned violently, pushing the piston upward and generating power. At the same time, the huge pressure of the explosive gas also pushes open the one-way valve and discharges the waste gas. Then, the residual exhaust gas in the cylinder gradually becomes colder, the air pressure becomes lower, and the atmospheric pressure outside the cylinder pushes the piston downward to prepare for the next explosion. Of course, because the trip was too long and the efficiency was too low, he ultimately failed. However, it was Hoynes who first proposed the idea of an "internal combustion engine", and later generations invented the automobile engine based on this.
Early cars used single-cylinder engines
When the originators of automobiles, Carl Benz and Daimler, designed and manufactured cars, they coincidentally used only one-cylinder engines. Just as we think it is impossible for a car to use two or more engines, it is estimated that people at the time would not have imagined that an engine with two or more cylinders would be used. But things are different now. Let’s not talk about developed countries. If you look at domestic car advertisements, you will find that many manufacturers always talk about the number and arrangement of engine cylinders. A minicar seller strongly advocates that his car uses four-cylinder cylinders. cylinder engines instead of three-cylinder engines. Those who use V6 engines must make the V letter eye-catching. The advertising has indeed had a great effect. Many car fans have agreed that "4 cylinders are better than 3 cylinders" and "6 cylinders are better than 3 cylinders." Concepts such as "4-cylinder is better", "V-type is better than inline", "V-type engine is an advanced engine". Nearly 20 types of domestically produced cars are equipped with V6 or V8 engines.
The crankshaft of a single-cylinder engine can only produce combustion work once every two weeks, so its sound does not sound continuous and smooth. Just listen to the sound of a small-displacement motorcycle. The most unacceptable thing is that its operation is extremely unstable, the speed fluctuates greatly, and the shape of the single-cylinder engine is not suitable for installation in a car. For this reason, single-cylinder engines are no longer seen in cars, and two-cylinder engines are hard to find, at least 3-cylinder engines. The domestically produced Huali vans, old Xiali cars, Geely Haoqing, Alto, and Flair are all equipped with 3-cylinder engines.
3-cylinder engines are commonly used in mini-vehicles below 1 liter, and 4-cylinder or 5-cylinder engines are generally used for engines between 1 liter and 2 liters. Most engines with more than 2 liters are 6-cylinder, and the vast majority of engines with more than 4 liters use 8-cylinders.
With the same displacement, increasing the number of cylinders can increase the engine speed, thereby increasing the engine output. In addition, increasing the number of cylinders can make the engine run more smoothly and make its output torque and power more stable. Increasing the number of cylinders can make the gas car easier to start and provide better acceleration response. In order to improve the performance of the cylinder, the number of cylinders must be increased. Therefore, the number of cylinders in high-performance gas vehicles such as luxury cars, sports cars, and racing cars is more than 6 cylinders, and the maximum number has reached 16 cylinders.
However, the increase in the number of cylinders cannot be unlimited. Because as the number of cylinders increases, the number of engine parts also increases proportionally, which complicates the engine structure, reduces engine reliability, increases engine weight, increases manufacturing costs and usage expenses, increases fuel consumption, and makes the engine Increased size. Therefore, the number of cylinders in a gas vehicle engine is an appropriate choice made after weighing various pros and cons based on the engine's purpose and performance requirements.
Stand side by side in a row.
Inline engine
Inline engine (line engine), all its cylinders are arranged side by side in a plane, its cylinder block and crankshaft structure are simple, and it uses a cylinder head. It has low manufacturing cost, high stability, good low-speed torque characteristics, low fuel consumption, compact size, and is widely used. The disadvantage is lower power. "In-line" can be represented by l, followed by the number of cylinders to get the engine code. Modern cars mainly include L3, L4, L5, and L6 engines.
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